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The preliminary reference procedure under Article 267 TFEU is the keystone of the EU judicial system and its legal order. Based on a dialogue between the Court of Justice and national courts, it is strictly linked to the protection of the rights that individuals derive from EU law. This book focuses on this procedure from the perspective of the right to effective judicial protection, in light of Article 19(1), second subparagraph, TEU and Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU. It explores the level of protection that is ensured to individuals in order to access to the Court of Justice through preliminary references on the validity of EU acts and on the interpretation of EU law. The book offers a threefold perspective on preliminary references, through an analysis of the case law of the Court of Justice itself, of the European Court of Human Rights in relation to Article 6(1) ECHR, and of the constitutional courts of Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain, where the national courts’ refusals to refer can lead to the violation of national constitutional rights. It further investigates the obligations for Member States and national courts in the framework of the preliminary reference procedure and how the right to effective judicial protection affects them. The examination outlines the implications that could flow from the recognition of a right for individuals to have a question referred to the ECJ, as part of the right to effective judicial protection under EU law, in particular its nature and its enforcement. Building upon the existing system of sanctions for the violations of the obligation to submit a preliminary question, the book advances some proposals to rethink the current system of remedies.
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To underpin occupational safety and health (OSH) education in schools and colleges it is necessary to formalise it in curriculum requirements. This report reviews how the Member States are including OSH and risk education in their national curricula. The report shows that there is considerable progress and activity in this respect at both primary and secondary education levels in terms of both implemented and planned actions in the Member States. The report also identifies some success factors for mainstreaming OSH into education curricula.
School management --- European Union --- E-books
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European law --- Public law. Constitutional law --- Status of persons --- European Union --- Law --- Droit --- European Union countries
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Competition --- Competition, Unfair --- Cartels --- Concurrence --- Droit européen --- Restrictions --- Droit européen. --- Competition - European Union countries --- Competition, Unfair - European Union countries --- Cartels - European Union countries
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The EU Industrial Structure analyzes the competitiveness of the EU economy from a sectoral perspective. It provides evidence of performance across Member States and sectors. It yields insights into the competitiveness of different sectors and how they are affected by business fluctuations. It covers the EU industries and compares them to some other key countries like the US, Japan or the BRIC countries. The production of EU industrial structure is a response to the increasing interest in analysing the competitiveness of the EU economy from a sectoral perspective. This publication provides insight into the relative performance of individual industries, and contributes to explaining the competitiveness of the EU economy at large. The publication covers market sectors, from mining to market services, although, wherever necessary, it refers to the whole economy, including primary sectors and non-market services. The work is empirical and data oriented and consists of the creation and analysis of a system of statistical indicators on various facets of sectoral performance and competitiveness. The indicators cover fields of relevance to gain insight into the economics and policy issues of EU sectors. The publication applies the same set of indicators to all sectors and uses input–output data to go beyond the analysis of individual sectors separately buy capturing sectoral interrelations, such as those between manufacturing and services sectors. From a geographical point of view the publication covers the EU-27 as a whole and individual Member States and it also makes comparisons with other countries, such as the US, Japan and BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China), wherever possible. The 2011 edition of EU industrial structure covers the following topics: the recent economic downturn and its fragile recovery, EU sectoral structure, EU sectoral growth and the international competitiveness of EU industry. This publication follows the path laid by EU sectoral competitiveness indicators (2005) and EU industrial structure 2007 and EU industrial structure 2009.
Industrial organization --- Economic history. --- Industrial organization. --- European Union --- European Union. --- European Union countries --- Europe --- Economic conditions --- Yearbooks --- Industrial economics --- Union européenne --- Industrial policy --- Economic policy --- Commercial policy
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Structural change is a general characteristic of economic development, driven by shifts in relative productivity and demand, technological or socio- economic changes. To adapt to a changing economic environment, companies undergo restructuring to maintain or improve their competitiveness and, hence, sustainability. While restructuring is essential to the dynamism of the European economy, it can entail difficulties for employees. The ERM annual report 2011 looks at the whole range of instruments available in the EU to mitigate the negative effects that it may have for both companies and employees and introduces around 400 of them in an online database. The ERM annual report also presents an overview and analysis of restructuring activities in Europe as captured by the European Restructuring Monitor (ERM)
Public administration --- European Union --- 467.2 Economisch herstructureringsbeleid
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Members of the European Network of Ombudsmen met in Copenhagen in October 2011 to discuss and reflect on 'Law, politics and ombudsmen in the Lisbon era'. Their deliberations centred on two topics: 'Ombudsmen between politics and law' and 'Bridging the gap between the EU and its citizens'. This eighth biennial seminar brought together representatives from national and regional ombudsmen of 30 EU Member States and candidate countries, the European Parliament, the European Commission, the International Ombudsman Institute, the European Ombudsman Institute, as well as Danish public servants and academics, who also attended the seminar. This publication contains the speeches and presentations that were made at the event.
Conferences - Meetings --- E-books --- Mediators --- European Union countries
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Le marché européen de l’assurance s’est construit de manière classique à partir des grands principes de liberté d’établissement et de libre prestation de services. À la différence des secteurs de la banque et de la finance, l’harmonisation ne s’y est toutefois réalisée que de manière imparfaite. C’est la nature essentiellement nationale du contrat d’assurance qui en est la cause. Ainsi, en dépit d’un encadrement renforcé des professionnels – s’agissant notamment de la réglementation prudentielle et de la distribution –, et de la mise en place de règles uniformes destinées à la protection du preneur, le contrat d’assurance demeure principalement régi par les lois nationales. Plusieurs facteurs d’évolution tempèrent néanmoins ce constat.
European law --- Insurance law --- European Union --- Assurance --- Droit --- E-books
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Statistical information is an important tool for understanding and quantifying the impact of political decisions on the citizens in a specific territory or region. The Eurostat regional yearbook 2011 gives a detailed picture of a large number of statistical fields in the 27 Member States of the European Union, as well as in EFTA and candidate countries. The text of each chapter has been written by specialists in statistics and is accompanied by maps, figures and tables. A broad set of regional indicators are presented for the following 16 subjects : population, labour market, labour cost, education, health, European cities, gross domestic product, household accounts, structural business statistics, information society, tourism, land cover and land use, coastal regions, transport, science, technology and innovation, and last but not least, a study on trends in densely and thinly populated areas.
periodika --- 83.64 regional economics. --- 74.19 geography of Europe. --- Regional economics. --- Demographic aspects. --- European Union countries --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- European Union countries. --- EU countries. --- 653 Statistiek --- 260 Europese Unie --- Regional statistics --- --European Union --- European Union --- --Statistics --- --Regions --- EU countries --- Euroland --- Europe --- --European Union countries --- Europa. --- General and regional statistics. --- Geografie
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